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Siemens MS43: Difference between revisions

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'''Open loop''' means that the fuel injection time will solely depend on input quatities like air mass flow and ambient pressure without a feedback loop.
'''Open loop''' means that the fuel injection time will solely depend on input quatities like air mass flow and ambient pressure without a feedback loop.


The MS43 has several requirements to be fulfilled to enter closed loop mode:
The MS43 has several requirements to be fulfilled to enter closed loop mode:

Revision as of 13:00, 3 May 2021

The Siemens MS43 engine control unit (ECU) uses an Infineon C167CR_SR CPU clocked at 24MHz in combination with a 4 megabit AMD AM29F400BB flash memory. This ECU controls the BMW M54 inline six engine.

When looking at the cryptic item names this might help you: Siemens Keyword Translation

Memory Layout

The MS43 can be seperated into three major sections, first comes the bootloader, then the program code, and last the calibration data.

See this table for file locations:

Start End Section Size
00000 0FFFF Bootloader & UIF 64 kByte
10000 1FFFF Program Code 384 kByte
20000 2FFFF
30000 3FFFF
40000 4FFFF
50000 5FFFF
60000 6FFFF
70000 7FFFF Calibration Data 64 kByte


Bootloader Section

The bootloader code section is the most important section of the MS43 and doesnt have to be touched for at least 99% of all use cases.

This section is 64 kByte in size and contains the interrupt setups, input and output initializations, as well as immobilizer information and the UIF (user information fields).

The significant difference between the bootloader section and the others is, that it's only one time programmable under normal operation. That means once a byte has been changed from FF to another value, it is not changeable again.

Unlimited write access to the bootloader section can only be archieved through JMGarage Flasher and is ONLY needed for virginizing the ECU to pair it with a different EWS module or to alter the UIF without increasing the flashcounter.

Tip: The newest version of immobilizer and checksum delete will not need bootmode flashing.


Programm Code Section

All of the MS43 program code is located here.


Calibration Data Section

Checksums

Checksums are used to verify that the data written to the ROM has not become corrupt.

The MS43 uses three CRC16 checksums that covers the boot, program and calibration sections and two addition checksums that covers the data for the monitoring (_mon_) routines.

The variables that the ECU uses to calculate the addition checksum is located in the program section so tools like Ultimo Checksum Corrector can only correct this checksum in a 512KB file.

Both addition checksums have to be corrected before the CRC16 checksums, as the addition checksums are located inside the CRC16 checksum areas.

The checksums are located at the following addresses:

CRC16 Location
Boot 0x3C24
Program 0x6FDE0
Calibration 0x73FE0
Addition Location
Program Part 1 0x6FDAE
Program Part 2 0x6FD80
Calibration Part 1 0x72FFC
Calibration Part 2 0x72FFE

Disabling Calibration Checksums

Disable CRC16 Checksum

To disable the CRC16 calibration checksum on all firmwares do the following.

Hexeditor
1. Set Word at 0x73FFE to 0xFFFF
2. Set Byte at 0x6FFB0 to 0xA8


Disable Addition Checksum

To disable the addition calibration checksum use one of the following methods.

Tunerpro
1. Set lc_swi_cal_mon_cks to 165
Hexeditor
1. Set the Byte in the table to 0xA5
Firmware Location
430037 0x70CE3
430055 0x70D7C
430056 0x70D7E
430064 0x70DA0
430066 0x70E0A
430069 0x70E07

Variants Configuration Switches

As MS43 is used in many different chassis configurations there are quite a few configuration switches that enable or disable their corresponding features or change their behaviour.

Configuration brake light test switch logic variant (c_conf_bts)

  • 0: Signal high corresponds to 'brake actuated'
  • 1: Signal low corresponds to 'brake actuated'

Configuration exhaust system variant (c_conf_cat)

  • 0: Automatic learning of variants, single-scroll, with one control (pre cat) sensor or CATV variant (SA199)
  • 1: Automatic learning of variants, twin-scroll, with two control (pre cat) sensors or CATV variant (SA199)
  • 2: Single-scroll, 1 control (pre cat) sensor, 1 monitoring (post cat) sensor
  • 3: Twin-scroll, 2 control (pre cat) sensors, 2 monitoring (post cat) sensors
  • 4: Automatic learning, twin-scroll, with/without control (pre cat) sensors, with/without monitoring (post cat) sensors or CATV variant (SA199)

Configuration main switch cruise control variant (c_conf_cru_main_swi)

  • 0: main switch function active, main switch controlled over steering wheel button O/I
  • 1: main switch function inactive for Z3 usage, main switch enabled when ignition key voltage is present

Configuration DMTL module variant (c_conf_dmtl)

  • 0: DMTL module not present
  • 1: DMTL module present

Configuration ECF (Electrical Cooling Fan) variant (c_conf_ecf)

  • 0: ECF not present, function and diagnosis OFF
  • 1: ECF present, function and diagnosis ON

Configuration exhaust flap variant (c_conf_ef)

  • 0: Exhaust flap not present, function and diagnosis OFF
  • 1: Exhaust flap present, function and diagnosis ON

Configuration diagnostic lamp / MIL variant - two control sensors and two monitoring sensors (c_conf_mil)

  • 0: No control of error lamp, LV_MIL = 0
  • 1: Debounce after BMW error memory
  • 2: Debounce after OBDII error memory and all component errors after 2nd driving cycle
  • 3: Debounce after OBDII error memory and CS-component error, immediately

Configuration diagnostic lamp / MIL variant - two control sensors (c_conf_mil_eu2)

  • 0: No control of error lamp, LV_MIL = 0
  • 1: Debounce after BMW error memory
  • 2: Debounce after OBDII error memory and all component errors after 2nd driving cycle
  • 3: Debounce after OBDII error memory and CS-component error, immediately

Configuration exhaust gas temperatur sensor variant (c_conf_teg)

  • 0: Automatic learning of EGT sensors
  • 1: No EGT sensors
  • 2: twin-scroll exhaust system with four EGT sensors

Configuration torque limit first gear variant (c_conf_tq_lim_gear)

  • 0: Torque limit not active
  • 1: Torque limit active (E53)

Configuration venturi pump variant (c_conf_vepu)

  • 0: VEPU not present, function and diagnosis OFF
  • 1: VEPU present, function and diagnosis ON

Configuration SAP (Secondary Air Pump) variant (c_conf_sap)

  • 0: Automatic learning of SAP varants
  • 1: SAP not present
  • 2: SAP present without SAFM (Secondary Air Flow Meter)
  • 3: SAP present with SAFM (Secondary Air Flow Meter)

Mass Air Flow Reading

M54B30 MAF Scalar

The most important quantity for our engine management is the mass airflow sensor reading. Its the fundament of every other calculation.

MS43 still uses analog reading for the MAF so a 0-5V signal is expected. Its important to have a clean signal without interferences.

Initially BMW planned to meter the air entering the secondary air pump system as well and included an additional MAF sensor input.

The analog signals are converted to a MAF reading in kg/h by the following scalars.

  • id_maf_tab - MAF Sensor Scalar 1x256
  • id_saf_tab - Secondary Air MAF Sensor Scalar 1x256
  • id_maf_tab__v_maf_1__v_maf_2 - MAF Sensor Scalar 16x16
  • id_saf_tab__v_saf_1__v_saf_2 - Secondary Air MAF Sensor Scalar 16x16

An important note for the sensor definition tables is, that there is no configurable voltage scale, because of the internal lookup mechanism and they are not interpolated.

For better visualisation the voltage scale is only included in the 1x256 tables, the 16x16 tables are only numbered.

In case of a mass airflow sensor failure or malfunction detection there is a substitute value table that looks up a MAF substitute value.

This table is often mistakenly called "Alpha/N" table, but its important to tune this even when having a working MAF sensor. Some other load value rely on this table being as accurate as possible.

  • ip_maf_1_diag__n__tps_av - MAF diagnosis table used as a MAF substitute if there is a MAF Sensor error
    • X axis: throttle position sensor value (tps_av)
    • Y axis: engine speed (n)

For MAF signal plausibility checks there are two maximum values that define maximum allowed mass airflow in kg/h and maximum engine load in mg/stroke.

  • c_maf_max_diag - Maximum mass air flow diagnostic threshold
  • c_maf_mes_max_stat - Maximum threshold for usable air mass flow signal

For forced induction builds you want to raise these to each constants maximum.

Load Filtration

In MS43 we have two different load filtration models for injection/ignition load and VANOS load.

Note: The normal logging routine reports the unfiltered load value that will vary from the filtered loads especially in forced induction applications.

If you ever experience your engine running into a "lean-wall" when hitting positive manifold pressure chances are good that the load filtering was not adjusted for boost.

Injection Load

Intake Manifold Volume Model

The load filtering process for ignition and injection is necessary to include valve overlap induced by the VANOS into load calculations and is based on Clapeyrons ideal gas equation.

First the ECU calculates the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) by taking the effective intake manifold volume (hPa), the engine speed and the unfiltered load reading into account.

The effective volume is different between increasing and decreasing load scenarios and therefore split up into four different tables:

  • ip_vol_im__n__maf_mes - Effective intake manifold volume at increasing load during part load and full load
  • ip_vol_im_neg__n__maf_mes - Effective intake manifold volume at decreasing load during part load and full load
  • ip_vol_im_is__n__maf_mes - Effective intake manifold volume at increasing load during idle, trailing throttle and trailing throttle fuel cut-off
  • ip_vol_im_neg_is__n__maf_mes - Effective intake manifold volume at decreasing load during idle, trailing throttle and trailing throttle fuel cut-off

Obviously, the more accurate this model is, the more accurate is the calculated MAP value that's used in the next step, where the ECU compensates the load with valve overlap.

There are 8 lookup tables (ip_maf_vo_[1-8]__map__n) and a selection table (ip_nr_ip_maf__vo) that decides which of those maps will be used, depending on the current valve overlap angle.

  • ip_nr_ip_maf__vo - Active _vo_ table for maf_ti signal filtering
  • ip_maf_vo_1__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_2__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_3__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_4__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_5__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_6__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_7__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti
  • ip_maf_vo_8__map__n - Valve overlap based MAF signal filtering for maf_ti

These tables will revert the MAP signal back into engine load over engine speed and they are interpolating between 50hPa and 1250hPa absolute pressure from factory.

This gives the ECU some headroom to compensate for outside ambient pressure.

VANOS Load

The VANOS load filtration is a simple weighting factor to blend between real measured load and the MAF substitude table.

Siemens MS43 Maf Substitute.png

Vanos Load Weighting Factor.png

The factor depends on unfiltered load and changes to completely rely on MAF substitute with rising load.

This is done to provide a stable load reading for the VANOS to prevent it from moving too much back and forth when the load is rapidly climbing.

  • ip_fac_maf_sub_ivvt__maf_sub_diag - Measured load weighting factor for maf_ivvt filtering
  • ip_maf_1_diag__n__tps_av - MAF diagnosis table used as a MAF substitute if there is a MAF Sensor error

To make real VANOS load as accurate as possible you can either increase the factor towards 1.0 or fine tune the MAF substitute table (the prefered way).

For that you have to datalog unfiltered load, accelerator pedal value and engine speed. A good side effect of this will be that the engine runs better with a defective MAF sensor.

Extending Load Filtration For Forced Induction

When you install a turbo- or super charger the amount of air entering the cylinder will increase tremendously and the ECU will operate off the tables.

Since the ECU is not able to extrapolate values, you will never exceed ~823mg/str engine load with an M54B30 calibration because thats the highest value configured in the valve overlap tables that can be reached wide open throttle.

To make the MAP calculation and VO compensation able to handle higher pressure values than 1250hPa we have to extrapolate said tables on our own.

You can take following values as a guidance that were proved working in several boosted applications or use our prepared an Excel sheet to extrapolate your own tables: File:Load Filtration Table Extrapolation.zip

Siemens MS43 Load Filtration Boosted.png

Please note that this is only an example, but logging showed a perfectly calculated MAP value that matched measured MAP under all circumstances.

After houndred kilometers of logging data, we never experienced a measured pressure of under ~150hPa so it can be considered safe to shift the tables and axis values up to clear the last row for expected pressure.

Another idea that came up recently, all the M50 manifold conversions should take a look at the Alpina B3S binary, this manifold is pretty similar and is pre-calculated from Alpina.

Injection

The fuel injection maps are based on engine load over engine speed and the lookup value is injection time in miliseconds.

The lambda sensors for closed loop operation are narrowband. Fuel trim learning only happens during closed loop operation, but the learned fuel trims do affect full throttle fueling as well.

There are a lot of blending factors, enrichments and also enleanments involved to calculate the final injection time. The following tables are the most important ones.

  • ip_tipr_cst__tco - Pre cold start injection time basic value
  • ip_ti_cst__n__tco - Cranking injection time basic value

Without any active VANOS fault codes the engine interpolates between the cold and warm injection tables. There are individual tables for each cylinder bank.

  • ip_ti_tco_1_is_ivvt__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used during idle
  • ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_1__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used for bank 1 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_2__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used for bank 2 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_2_is_ivvt__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used during idle
  • ip_ti_tco_2_pl_ivvt_1__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used for bank 1 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_2_pl_ivvt_2__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used for bank 2 during part load

Axis Values

  • X axis: filtered engine load for injection subsystem (maf_iga)
  • Y axis: engine speed (n)


A blending between cold and warm maps is accomplished by the following transitioning maps. A factor of 1.0 means full useage of cold maps and a factor of 0.0 means full useage of warm maps.

  • ip_fac_is_ivvt__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cold to warm during idle
  • ip_fac_pl_ivvt__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cold to warm during part and full load

Axis Values

  • X axis: engine coolant temperature at engine start (tco_st)
  • Y axis: current engine coolant temperature (tco)


The full load enrichment ip_ti_fl is a multiplier of the part load calculations and added to them respectively. Further explaination is located in the full load section.

  • ip_ti_fast_wf_thd_min__tco
  • ip_ti_slow_wf_thd_min__tco

There is a fuel enleanment ip_ti_cat_var__n__maf when the c_conf_cat variant has learned CATV and full load condition inactive, so you might want to zero it out to prevent the engine going lean.

Maximum Duty Cycle

The maximum duty cycle describes the maximum opening time for an injector at a specific engine speed.

The engine speed is really important here, because the faster the engine spins, the less time there is to inject fuel into the cylinders.

When tuning the engines injection tables, especially in the higher load areas, keep in mind that there are additional enrich- and enleanments applied to the specified injection time.

These adjustments require some headroom on top of that value to work correctly and can be life saving regarding engine health.

Often a maximum duty cycle of 90% is sufficient for the safety features and the injectors to work as intended. When going higher we advise to think about upgrading to a higher flowing set of injectors.

Full load enrichment should be included, since depending on the target lambda it enriches the mixture more than 10%.

To make things easier we include the following Excel sheet: File:Maximum Injection Time Calculator.zip

You can easily check your fuel tables with this calculator, just load the engine speed axis, the full load enrichment factor and your desired duty circle into the grey areas and compare the values.

Maximum Injection Time Calculator.png

Note: The table shows the theorethical maximum. As long as your injection time stays below this, you are fine.

Aftermarket Injector Scaling

Changing the fuel injectors will be needed at some point when you change your engines aspiration to forced induction, therefore some constants and tables need to be adjusted.

To find a suitable baseline for your new injestion tables you will have to calculate the volume flow difference between the stock and your new injectors.

By dividing the flow rate of the old injectors by the flow rate of the new ones at the same fuel pressure you end up with a scaling factor.

You can use the injection time multiplier of the MS43s application system that is able to adjust every single cylinder injection duration with a factor t_ti_as_[cyl].

Playing with these six constants is much easier than always changing all the injection tables.

Nevertheless, once you've found a suitable factor for your injectors, apply it to the fuel tables directly and return to factor 1.0, because the application system will NOT alter the injection time reported by the MS43s logging routine.

Additionally you must adjust the following injector specific values:

  • c_ti_min_iv - Minimum injection time
  • ip_ti_add_dly__vb - Injector dead time correction with battery voltage compensation

Go here for a list of suitable fuel injectors and their deadtimes.

The maps to scale are:

  • ip_tipr_cst__tco - Pre cold start injection time basic value
  • ip_ti_cst__n__tco - Cranking injection time basic value
  • ip_ti_cast__tia__tco - Initialized value for post-start enrichment factor (Afterstart enrichment)
  • ip_ti_cr_cst__cyc__tco - Gradual reduction of fuel enrichment at engine start
  • ip_ti_cr_cast__cyc__tco - Gradual reduction of fuel enrichment after engine start
  • ip_tib__n__maf - Basic injection time under VANOS fault condition
  • ip_ti_tco_1_is_ivvt__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used during idle
  • ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_1__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used for bank 1 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_2__n__maf - Cold engine injection time used for bank 2 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_2_is_ivvt__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used during idle
  • ip_ti_tco_2_pl_ivvt_1__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used for bank 1 during part load
  • ip_ti_tco_2_pl_ivvt_2__n__maf - Warm engine injection time used for bank 2 during part load
  • ip_ti_slow_wf_thd_min__tco - Cylinder wall rewetting
  • ip_ti_fast_wf_thd_min__tco - Cylinder wall rewetting

After getting your base values for all these maps, you should log your lambda integrator to fine tune and get it as close as possible to +/- 0. The best way to scale the cylinder wall rewetting tables is rev the car then let off and see what AFR instantly appears. If the value is too rich, you need to decrease the cylinder rewetting. If the value is too lean, you need increase the cylinder rewetting. The goal is to achieve 14.7 gasoline AFR/Lambda 1

Correcting Fuel Consumption Gauge

When changing injectors you will discover that the fuel consumption reading on your cluster and other monitoring apps is off.

The table ip_fco_map_cor__pq_main_col handles injection value reporting towards the cluster over CAN bus.

For example: You've lowered your fueling tables by MULTIPLIYING them with 0.46, you must DIVIDE the mentioned table by 0.46 to fix readings.

Fine tuning should be made in the secret menu of your cluster (+- 25%). This is excplained here under "Test 20" INFO: E46 Instrument Cluster Test

Upgraded Fuel Pumps

Under some circumstances like a forced induction conversion the OEM fuel pump can't deliver enough fuel to the engine and needs to be upgraded.

The MS43 has two time values (in seconds) for controlling the electronic fuel pump relay before starting and after stopping the engine:

  • c_t_efp_prev - Time the electronic fuel pump relay is enabled after ignition turned on
  • c_t_efp - Time delay to disable the electric fuel pump relay after ignition turned off

Slightly rising these values may eliminate starting issues.

Tip: Some aftermarket fuel pumps don't come with an integrated check valve end therefor let the fuel flow back into the tank once the engine is turned off.

If this is the case consider adding a check valve right after the pump to keep stock-like cranking behaviour.

Ignition

The ECU uses many different ignition maps depending on the engine state, engine temperature and quality of fuel.

Main tables that are used during normal engine operation:

  • ip_iga_tco_1_is_ivvt__n__maf - Target ignition angle during idle. Cold engine
  • ip_iga_tco_1_pl_ivvt__n__maf - Target ignition angle during part and full load. Cold engine
  • ip_iga_tco_2_is_ivvt__n__maf - Target ignition angle during idle. Warm engine
  • ip_iga_ron_91_pl_ivvt__n__maf - Target ignition angle for RON91 during part and full load. Warm engine
  • ip_iga_ron_98_pl_ivvt__n__maf - Target ignition angle for RON98 during part and full load. Warm engine

Axis Values

  • X axis: filtered engine load for ignition subsystem (maf_iga)
  • Y axis: engine speed (n)


Starting with a cold engine the ECU uses ip_iga_tco_1_is_ivvt__n__maf tables for idle, ip_iga_tco_1_pl_ivvt__n__maf for part and full load to find the target ignition angle.

While warming up the ignition subsystem uses the same blending factor as the injection subsystem. (see Injection)

Reaching engine operating temperature, the target ignition setpoint changes to warm ignition maps ip_iga_tco_2_is_ivvt__n__maf for idle and ip_iga_ron_9* for part and full load.

The target ignition angle in part and full load will then be blended between the RON91 and RON98 tables based on an internal RON factor learned from detected knock.

Under all circumstances keep the RON91 table a lot safer than RON98 to give the ECU some room for regulation.

It's common that even an unmodified engine running on RON99 fuel will pull a few degrees of timing here. This shows the RON98 map on a standard car is quite good.


Catalyst heating "_CH_" in maps retards ignition during warm up.

Antijerk "_AJ_" retards ignition during rapid throttle opening to smooth out torque (can be removed by increasing c_tco_min_aj to 142.5C.

Reported to sometimes cause transitional knock on boosted engines, if so consider adjusting other tables designed for this (tra_knk).

Ignition Coil Variants

In September 2002 BMW updated the old 300g ignition coils used from M50-M54 to the newer pencil style coils. This change required an automatic learning process for all new hardware variants, starting with Index 04.

The detection was implemented in an easy way. If the EGT Sensor Post-Cat Bank 1 input (Pin X60002.12) is connected to terminal 87 (main relay output) then the MS43 switches to pencil coil mode.

That means, if you retrofit the newer pencil coils or go with the M56 valve cover, you also have to retrofit the jumper wire in X60002 and an Index 04 or newer MS43.

To make this easier you can simply copy all the _pc_ values to their _300_ pendands.

Pencil Coil Data

VANOS

VANOS Min/Max Values

VANOS stands for "VAriable NOckenwellenSteuerung" and translates to adustable camshaft control.

This section contains information on how the dual VANOS system is actuated by the ECU and how to modify it. Both, intake and exhaust camshaft can be set independently in relation to the crankshaft.

The VANOS system uses engine oil pressure and solenoids to control a set of gears at the end of each camshaft. The goal of the VANOS is to optimize emissions, produce better torque at low engine speeds and have more top end power.

Even though the camshaft adjustment is limited to 30°CRK it can be used to compensate for different intakes, different camshafts and even forced induction application may be benefitting from perfectly tweaked VANOS setpoints.

The main maps used for VANOS control during IS, PL & FL engine states are:

Cold Engine

  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_is__n__maf_ivvt - Intake camshaft setpoint during idle. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_is__n__maf_ivvt - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during idle. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_pl__n__maf_ivvt - Intake camshaft setpoint during part load. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_pl__n__maf_ivvt - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during part load. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_fl__n - Intake camshaft setpoint during full load. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_fl__n - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during full load. Cold engine

Warm Engine

  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_in_is__n__maf_ivvt - Intake camshaft setpoint during idle. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_ex_is__n__maf_ivvt - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during idle. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_in_pl__n__maf_ivvt - Intake camshaft setpoint during part load. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_ex_pl__n__maf_ivvt - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during part load. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_in_fl__n - Intake camshaft setpoint during full load. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_ex_fl__n - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during full load. Warm engine

Axis Values

  • X axis: filtered engine load for VANOS subsystem (maf_ivvt)
  • Y axis: engine speed (n)


A blending between cold and warm maps is accomplished by the following transitioning maps. A factor of 1.0 means full useage of cold maps and a factor of 0.0 means full useage of warm maps.

  • ip_fac_cam_sp_in_is__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cam_sp_tco1 to cam_sp_tco2 during idle. Intake camshaft
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_ex_is__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cam_sp_tco1 to cam_sp_tco2 during idle. Exhaust camshaft
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_in_pl__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cam_sp_tco1 to cam_sp_tco2 during part load. Intake camshaft
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_ex_pl__tco__tco_st - Engine coolant temperature blending factor for transition from cam_sp_tco1 to cam_sp_tco2 during part load. Exhaust camshaft

Axis description are:

  • X axis: engine coolant temperature at engine start (tco_st)
  • Y axis: current engine coolant temperature (tco)

Drive-By-Wire

This section contains information on how the Drive-By-Wire system is controlled by the DME and how it can be modified.

The accellerator pedal unit is different between manual and automatic / sequential transmission.

For the automatic and sequential gearboxes the unit contains a spring mechanism that feels like a switch when the pedal is pressed to imitate a kick-down switch.

Manual pedal value is ranging from 0-85°PVS, whilst the automatic and sequential pedal value reaches from 0-89°PVS with 103°PVS at kick-down.

Drivers Wish Tables

Tunerpro comparison of the ip_tps_sp_pvs and ip_isapwm_pvs table.

The Drive-By-Wire system is setup so that the ecu uses both the throttle valve and the idle control valve to control how much air is going into the engine.

  • ip_tps_sp_pvs is used by the ecu to decide how much it should open the throttle for a given pvs input.
  • ip_isapwm_pvs is used by the ecu to decide how much idle control valve duty cycle should be used for a given pvs input.

If we look at these tables side by side we can see that a stock ecu is setup to primarily use the idle control valve to control airflow when the pvs input is in the range between 0° and 15° and when the pvs input is higher the ecu will switch over to the throttle valve.

Drivers Wish Input Correction

To provide a smooth driving experience during part load the ecu actively controls how fast the drivers requested pvs input can increase.

ip_pvs_cor_max_rpl_[gear] is used by the ecu to decide if the drivers requested pvs input increase should be limited. The values in the table is the lower limit and the X-axis is the upper limit. If the drivers requested pvs input is between these values then the ecu will start limiting the pvs input increase.

If the following conditions are met then the ecu will not try to start limiting the pvs input increase:

  • The driver requested pvs input is decreasing.
  • The driver requested pvs input change gradient is larger than c_pvs_av_grd_max_rpl(59,99° pvs).
  • The clutch is pressed.
  • The driver requested pvs input is higher than c_pvs_cor_max_rpl(42,5° PVS)

When the ecu starts limiting the pvs input increase the pvs input will be increased by the value taken from ip_pvs_cor_rpl_lgrd_[gear] until the following conditions are met:

  • The limitation duration specified in ip_t_pvs_cor_rpl_[gear] has expired.
  • The driver requested pvs input change gradient is larger than c_pvs_av_grd_max_rpl(59,99° pvs).
  • The limited pvs input is larger than the driver requested pvs input.

If any of those conditions are met then the ecu will use the driver requested pvs input and will not start limiting the pvs input again until the time specified in c_t_dly_pvs_cor_rpl(0,2s) has elapsed.

To disable the drivers wish input correction function set either c_pvs_cor_max_rpl or c_pvs_av_grd_max_rpl to zero.

Throttle Request Correction

To provide a smooth driving experience during low throttle openings the ecu will control how fast the throttle setpoint can change depending on the current engine load.

ip_tps_req_ltc_min_[gear] is used by the ecu to decide if the throttle setpoint change should be limited. If the requested throttle setpoint is lower than the value in the table the throttle setpoint change will be limited.

If the following conditions are met then the ecu will not try to start limiting the throttle setpoint change:

  • The clutch is pressed.
  • The requested throttle setpoint is lower than c_tps_req_ltc_min(0.248° TPS)

When the ecu starts limiting the pvs input the throttle setpoint will be increased by the value taken from ip_tps_req_ltc_lgrd_[gear] until the following conditions are met:

  • The limitation duration specified in ip_t_tps_req_ltc_max_[gear] has expired.
  • The requested throttle setpoint is larger or equal to ip_tps_req_ltc_min_[gear].
  • The clutch is pressed.

If any of those conditions are met then the ecu will use the requested throttle setpoint and will not start limiting the throttle setpoint again until the time specified in c_t_dly_tps_req_ltc(0,85s) has elapsed.

The id_tps_req_ltc_gear_[gearbox] tables controls if the throttle request correction should be active depending on the current gear. To disable the throttle request correction function set the id_tps_req_ltc_gear_[gearbox] tables to zero.

Torque

During engine operation the ecu will try to estimate the current torque being produced by using several static torque models.

Torque Models:

  • ip_tqi_pvs__n__pvs - Indexed engine torque (PVS)
  • ip_tqi_maf__n__maf - Indexed engine torque (MAF)
  • ip_tqfr__n__maf - Frictional torque losses (MAF)

Torque Management

Based on the static models the ecu will ensure that the engine torque does not exceed the maximum allowed torque specified in ip_tq_max__n__pvs_cor_rpl.

As the torque models are setup for a stock engine they can produce unexpected reductions in power if the engine is modified, to disable the function set the torque values in ip_tq_max__n__pvs_cor_rpl to 65535 Nm.

The ECU also have a function to reduce torque in first gear (In production vehicles this was only used by the E53 X5).

The function will be activated if c_conf_tq_lim_gear is set to one and when active the ecu will ensure that the engine torque does not exceed c_tq_max_gear while in first gear.

Idlespeed

This section contains information on how the idle is controlled by the DME and how it can be modified.

MS43 has a few different tables that affect the nominal idle speed

  • ip_n_sp_is Nominal idle speed without additional load on the engine.
  • ip_dri_n_sp_is Nominal idle speed with drive engaged for AT gearbox.
  • ip_acin_n_sp_is Nominal idle speed with air conditioner switched on.
  • ip_dri_acin_n_sp_is Nominal idle speed with air conditioner switched on and drive engaged for AT gearbox.

The idle setpoint is modified from the nominal speed above by

  • ip_n_sp_add_cha_cdn_bat Nominal idle speed offset for battery charge state.
  • ip_n_sp_add_heat Nominal idle speed offset with catalyst heating function active.

In addition, the idle speed change rate can be changed with c_n_sp_lgrd_is.


Full Load Detection

Full load procedure shown in Tuner Pro
Full load injection converted to lambda and AFR
Full load state maximum timers

On MS43 we have an accelerator pedal angle (°PVS) dependent full load detection.

In full load operation (ES = FL) the engine will leave stoichiometric combustion and enriches the injection for preventing knock and maximum power production.

The whole lambda learning adaption from the O2 sensors is stopped while the engine operates in this state. Already learned long term fuel trims (LTFTs) will still be applied.

The engine will never enter full load state unless the engine speed is greater than c_n_min_fl which is the lower limit for FL detection. Setting this to 8160 rpm will disable full load state completely.

Additionally, either one of the two following conditions has to be fulfilled to activate full load detection.

  • c_vs_min_fl - Minimum vehicle speed for full load detection after engine start if c_tco_min_fl has not been exceeded.
  • c_tco_min_fl - Minimum coolant temperature for full load detection after engine start if c_vs_min_fl has not been exceeded.

Finally, once the accelerator pedal angles defined in the following tables are exceeded, the respective function will enter the full load state.

  • id_pvs_fl__n - Accelerator pedal position threshold for full load detection - Injection
  • id_pvs_fl_ivvt__n - Accelerator pedal position threshold for full load detection - VANOS
  • id_pvs_fl_vim__n_vim - Accelerator pedal position threshold for full load detection - DISA

In the full load state, the MS43 changes VANOS and DISA to seperate tables, but for injection it adds a specified amount of fuel.

This leaves us the following tables that actually alter injection, VANOS and DISA behaviour.

  • ip_ti_fl__n - Full load enrichment factor for nominal injection time
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_fl__n - Intake camshaft setpoint during full load with cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_fl__n - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during full load with cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_in_fl__n - Intake camshaft setpoint during full load with warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_ex_fl__n - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during full load with warm engine
  • id_vim_fl__n_vim - Variable intake manifold (DISA) activation setpoints at full load

There is a gearbox dependant timer that configures the maximum spendable time in seconds at full load condition per gear.

If this timer has counted down to zero, the engine leaves full load operating state on its own. You will have to lift the pedal below the configured minimum position and re-enter full load.

  • id_t_max_fl__gear - Maximum time in the full load state. Manual transmission.
  • id_t_max_fl_at__gear - Maximum time in the full load state. Automatic transmission.

You can zero these tables to bypass the timer.

To extract every last bit of power out of your engine, there is c_pvs_fl_accin that handles the deactivation of the AC compressor when exceding the configured value.

Tip: To make tuning at full load (and wide open throttle) operation easier, you can change the conversion factor of the ip_ti_fl__n table to display lamba or AFR depending on your preference.

This is only applicable if your part-load table is tuned to stoichiometric combustion (lambda 1.0).

Title Conversion Low Range High Range
ip_ti_fl__n (Lambda) 1-(0.0039058823*X-0.5) 0.500 1.500
ip_ti_fl__n (AFR Gas) 14.7-(14.7*(0.0039058823*X-0.5)) 7.409 22.050

Warning: Keep in mind, that all full load injection edits rely on a proper part load fueling table.

Lambda Regulation

MS43 has a cylinder bank selective lambda regulation that is utilizing one narrow band O2 sensor per cylinder bank. That means the ECU knows when a lean or rich condition occurs, but doesn't know HOW rich or lean it currently runs.

Due to this limitation the ECU continuously regulates the mixture to keep combustion exactly at lambda 1.0 (14.7 AFR / Stoichiometric) while in closed loop operating state.

Closed loop lambda regulation means that the O2 sensors or lambda probes provide feedback to the fuel injection routines which will then correct injection time accordingly.

Open loop means that the fuel injection time will solely depend on input quatities like air mass flow and ambient pressure without a feedback loop.


The MS43 has several requirements to be fulfilled to enter closed loop mode:

  • c_lam_n_min - Minimum engine speed to enable closed loop regulation
  • id_t_max_ls__tco_st - Minimum time after engine start to enable closed loop regulation
  • id_lam_tco_min__tco_st - Minimum coolant temperature after engine start to enable closed loop regulation

If every of these conditions is met, MS43 will enable closed loop feedback. Whilst active, there is a lower and upper limit to enlean or enrichen the air fuel mixture:

  • c_lam_min - Minimum lambda integrator value for leaning the mixture
  • c_lam_max - Maximum lambda integrator value for richening the mixture

Between these two values the ECU can regulate the air fuel mixture instantaneously. These are called lambda integrators or short time fueltrims (STFT).


Lambda Adaptation

Lambda Adaptation Scheme.png

The additive and multiplicative adaptation corrections are taken into account in the entire map for calculation of the injection time.

To avoid problems involving the mixture while the engine is not at operating temperature, the lambda adaptation values of TCO and their own values (determined with engine at service temperature) can be attenuated.

This is accomplished by weighting the multiplicative components with IP_TI_AD_FAC_FAC__TCO__TI_AD_FAC and the additive components with IP_TI_AD_ADD_FAC__TCO__TI_AD_ADD.

Main Conditions:

  • c_tco_ti_ad_min - Minimum coolant tempreature for lambda adaptation
  • c_maf_ti_ad_max - Maximum intake air temperature for lambda adaptation
  • c_tia_ti_ad_max - Maximum air mass for lambda adaptation


Lambda Additive Corrections:

  • c_ti_ad_add_min - Minimum value of lambda adaptation additive factor
  • c_ti_ad_add_max - Maximum value of lambda adaptation additive factor
  • c_maf_ti_ad_add_max - Maximum air mass for additive lambda adaptation
  • c_n_ti_ad_add_max - Maximum engine speed for additive lambda adaptation

Lambda Multiplicative Corrections:

  • c_ti_ad_fac_min - Minimum value of lambda adaptation multiplicative factor
  • c_ti_ad_fac_max - Maximum value of lambda adaptation multiplicative factor
  • c_n_ti_ad_fac_min - Minimum engine speed for multiplicative lambda adaptation
  • c_maf_ti_ad_fac_min - Minimum air mass for multiplicative lambda adaptation
  • ip_maf_ti_ad_min__n - Minimum air mass for multiplicative lambda adaptation
  • ip_maf_ti_ad_max__n - Maximum air mass for multiplicative lambda adaptation

DTC Suppression

DTCs can be suppressed in the MS43 by zeroing out the c_abc_... specific codes. The full list of DTCs can be found here:

DTC variables OBD
Code Description
c_dtc_ad_mec_ref_ivvt_ex P0014 B Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance (Bank 1)
c_dtc_ad_mec_ref_ivvt_in P0011 A Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance (Bank 1)
c_dtc_amp P0107 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low Input
P0108 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit High Input
c_dtc_bls_plaus P0571 Cruise Control/Brake Switch A Circuit Malfunction
c_dtc_cam P0340 Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Malfunction
P0344 Camshaft Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent
c_dtc_cam_ex P0365 Camshaft Position Sensor 'B' Circuit Bank 1
P0369 Camshaft Position Sensor 'B' Circuit Intermittent Bank 1
c_dtc_cam_ex_ivvt P1529 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal Low Bank 1
P1530 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Signal High Bank 1
P1531 "B" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
c_dtc_cam_in_ivvt P1523 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Signal Low Bank 1
P1524 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Signal High Bank 1
P1525 "A" Camshaft Position Actuator Control Open Circuit Bank 1
c_dtc_can_boff P1610 CANbus offline
c_dtc_cat_diag_1 P0420 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
c_dtc_cat_diag_2 P0430 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
c_dtc_cat_eff_1 P0421 Warm Up Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)
c_dtc_cat_eff_2 P0431 Warm Up Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
c_dtc_cc
c_dtc_cps P0443 Evaporative Emission Control System Purge Control Valve Circuit Malfunction
P0444 Evaporative Emission Control System Purge Control Valve Circuit Open
P0445 Evaporative Emission Control System Purge Control Valve Circuit Shorted
c_dtc_crk P0335 Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Malfunction
P0339 Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent
c_dtc_cs P0xxx Clutch Switch
c_dtc_ct
c_dtc_ctoc
c_dtc_diagcps P0441 Evaporative Emission Control System Incorrect Purge Flow
c_dtc_dmtl P1444 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Open Circuit
P1445 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Circuit Signal Low
P1446 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Control Circuit Signal High
c_dtc_dmtl_leak P0455 Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (gross leak)
P0456 EVAP Leak Monitor Small Leak Detected
c_dtc_dmtlm P1447 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too High During Switching
P1448 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too Low During Switching
P1449 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Pump Too High
c_dtc_ecf P0480 Cooling Fan 1 Control Circuit Malfunction
c_dtc_ect P1619 MAP Cooling Control Circuit Signal Low
P1620 MAP Cooling Control Circuit Signal High
c_dtc_ect_mec P0128 Range/Performance Problem In Thermostat
c_dtc_ecu P0604 Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error
c_dtc_ef P0477 Exhaust Pressure Control Valve Low
P0478 Exhaust Pressure Control Valve High
c_dtc_er_ad P0xxx Misfire adaptation
c_dtc_igcfb_0 P0351 Ignition Coil 1 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1301 Misfiring Cylinder 1
c_dtc_igcfb_1 P0355 Ignition Coil 5 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1305 Misfiring Cylinder 5
c_dtc_igcfb_2 P0353 Ignition Coil 3 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1303 Misfiring Cylinder 3
c_dtc_igcfb_3 P0356 Ignition Coil 6 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1306 Misfiring Cylinder 6
c_dtc_igcfb_4 P0352 Ignition Coil 2 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1302 Misfiring Cylinder 2
c_dtc_igcfb_5 P0354 Ignition Coil 4 Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
P1304 Misfiring Cylinder 4
c_dtc_imob P1660 EWS system
P1666 EWS system
c_dtc_is P0505 Idle Control System Malfunction
c_dtc_isa_1 P1506 Idle Speed Control Valve Open Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High
P1507 Idle Speed Control Valve Open Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1508 Idle Speed Control Valve Opening Solenoid Control Open Circuit
c_dtc_isa_2 P1502 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High or Low
P1503 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1504 Idle Speed Control Valve Closing Solenoid Control Open Circuit
c_dtc_iv_0 P0201 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 1
P0261 Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Low
P0262 Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_iv_1 P0205 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 5
P0273 Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit Low
P0274 Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_iv_2 P0203 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 3
P0267 Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit Low
P0268 Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_iv_3 P0206 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 6
P0276 Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit Low
P0277 Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_iv_4 P0202 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 2
P0264 Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit Low
P0265 Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_iv_5 P0204 Injector Circuit Malfunction - Cylinder 4
P0270 Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit Low
P0271 Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit High
c_dtc_knk_1 P0327 Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)
c_dtc_knk_2 P0332 Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Low Input (Bank 2)
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_1 P0096 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance
P0097 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_2 P0098 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High
P0099 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic
c_dtc_lam_dly_up_1 P1090 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Lean Bank 1
P1092 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Lean Bank 2
c_dtc_lam_dly_up_2 P1091 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Rich Bank 1
P1093 Pre-Catalyst Fuel Trim Too Rich Bank 2
c_dtc_lam_lim_1 P1083 Fuel Control Mixture Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1084 Fuel Control Mixture Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1314 Fuel System Error
c_dtc_lam_lim_2 P1085 Fuel Control Mixture Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1086 Fuel Control Mixture Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1314 Fuel System Error
c_dtc_lam_stop_1 P0171 System too Lean (Bank 1)
P0172 System too Rich (Bank 1)
P1314 Fuel System Error
c_dtc_lam_stop_2 P0174 System too Lean (Bank 2)
P0175 System too Rich (Bank 2)
P1314 Fuel System Error
c_dtc_leak_big P0441 Evaporative Emission Control System Incorrect Purge Flow
c_dtc_leak_small P0442 Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (small leak)
c_dtc_ls_frq_1 P0133 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1087 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1088 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_ls_frq_2 P0153 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1089 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P1094 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_lsh_down_1 P0036 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2
P0037 HO2S Heater Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2
P0038 HO2S Heater Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 2
c_dtc_lsh_down_2 P0056 HO2S Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2
P0057 HO2S Heater Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2
P0058 HO2S Heater Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_1 P0141 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_2 P0161 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_lsh_obd_up_1 P0135 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_lsh_obd_up_2 P0155 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_lsh_up_1 P0030 HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1
P0031 HO2S Heater Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1
P0032 HO2S Heater Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1
c_dtc_lsh_up_2 P0050 HO2S Heater Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1
P0051 HO2S Heater Circuit Low Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1
P0052 HO2S Heater Circuit High Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1
c_dtc_maf P0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input
P0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input
c_dtc_maf_mafm P0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem
c_dtc_mec_isa P1500 Idle Speed Control Valve Stuck Open
P1501 Idle Speed Control Valve Stuck Closed
c_dtc_mec_ivvt_ex P0015 B Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
c_dtc_mec_ivvt_in P0012 A Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)
c_dtc_mec_sav P0411 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
c_dtc_min_saf P0491 Secondary Air Injection System Insufficient Flow Bank 1
c_dtc_mis_0 P0301 Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1342 Misfire During Start Cylinder 1
P1343 Misfire Cylinder 1 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_1 P0305 Cylinder 5 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1350 Misfire During Start Cylinder 5
P1351 Misfire Cylinder 5 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_2 P0303 Cylinder 3 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1346 Misfire During Start Cylinder 3
P1347 Misfire Cylinder 3 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_3 P0306 Cylinder 6 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1352 Misfire During Start Cylinder 6
P1353 Misfire Cylinder 6 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_4 P0302 Cylinder 2 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1344 Misfire During Start Cylinder 2
P1345 Misfire Cylinder 2 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_5 P0304 Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected
P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
P1348 Misfire During Start Cylinder 4
P1349 Misfire Cylinder 4 With Fuel Cut-off
c_dtc_mis_f P0313 Misfire Detected With Low Fuel Level
c_dtc_mis_mul P0300 Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected
c_dtc_mis_t_s P0336 Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
c_dtc_mon_plaus P1602 Control Module Self Test, Control Module Defective
c_dtc_mon_tqi_av P1603 Control Module Self Test, Torque Monitoring
c_dtc_mon_tqi_n_max P1604 Control Module Self Test, Speed Monitoring
c_dtc_msw_2 P1565 Multifunction Steering Wheel
c_dtc_msw_3 P1565 Multifunction Steering Wheel
c_dtc_msw_tog P1567 Multifunction Steering Wheel, toggle bit
c_dtc_mtc_ctl_1 P1638 Throttle Valve Position Control; Throttle Stuck Temporarily
c_dtc_mtc_ctl_2 P1639 Throttle Valve Position Control; Throttle Stuck Permanently
c_dtc_mtc_ctl_3 P1637 Throttle Valve Position Control; Control Deviation
c_dtc_mtc_dr P1636 Throttle Valve Control Circuit
c_dtc_otcc P1477 Leakage Diagnostic Pump Reed Switch Did Not Open
c_dtc_pvs_1 P1122 Pedal Position 1 Low Input
P1123 Pedal Position 1 High Input
c_dtc_pvs_2 P1222 Pedal Position Sensor 2 Low Input
P1223 Pedal Position Sensor 2 High Input
c_dtc_pvs_bls P0xxx Simultaneous activation of accelerator pedal and brake pedal
c_dtc_pvs_bls_bts_plaus P0xxx Brakelight switch and brake test switch not plausible
c_dtc_pvs_pvs P1120 Pedal Position Sensor Circuit
c_dtc_pvs_ratio P1121 Pedal Position 1 Range/Performance Problem
c_dtc_r_igcfb P0350 Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
c_dtc_rly_accout P0532 A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Input
P0533 A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input
c_dtc_rly_efp P0231 Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
P0232 Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High
c_dtc_rly_main P1695 Main relay
c_dtc_rly_main_dly P0xxx Delay in main relay
c_dtc_sa_1 P0491 Secondary Air Injection System Insufficient Flow Bank 1
c_dtc_sa_2 P0492 Secondary Air Injection System Insufficient Flow Bank 2
c_dtc_sa_conf P0411 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
c_dtc_safm P1419 Secondary Air System Air Mass Flow Sensor Disconnected or Stuck Signal
c_dtc_sap P1413 Secondary Air Injection Pump Relay Control Circuit Signal Low
P1414 Secondary Air Injection System Monitor Circuit High
c_dtc_sap_safm P0411 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
c_dtc_sav P0413 Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Open
P0414 Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Shorted
c_dtc_sav_1_safm P0411 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
c_dtc_sav_safm P0411 Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow Detected
c_dtc_t_igcfb_2 P0350 Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction
c_dtc_t_lam_act P0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control
c_dtc_tco P0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0118 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit High Input
c_dtc_tco_ex P1111 Engine Coolant Temperature Radiator Outlet Sensor Low Input
P1112 Engine Coolant Temperature Radiator Outlet Sensor High Input
c_dtc_tco_max P0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Range/Performance Problem
c_dtc_teg_down_1 P0xxx Exhaust gas temperature post-cat, bank1
c_dtc_teg_down_2 P0431 Exhaust gas temperature post-cat, bank2
c_dtc_teg_up_1 P0431 Exhaust gas temperature pre-cat, bank1
c_dtc_teg_up_2 P0431 Exhaust gas temperature pre-cat, bank2
c_dtc_tia P0112 Intake Air Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0113 Intake Air Temperature Circuit High Input
c_dtc_toil P0197 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Low
P0198 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor High
c_dtc_tout_amt_1 P1611 Serial Communicating Link Transmission Control Module
c_dtc_tout_asr_1 P1613 Time-out ASR1
c_dtc_tout_asr_3 P1613 Time-out ASR3
c_dtc_tout_cng_ecu_1 P0xxx Time-out CNG ECU
c_dtc_tout_etcu_1 P0600 Serial Communication Link Malfunction
c_dtc_tout_icl_2 P1612 Time-out instrument cluster2
c_dtc_tout_icl_3 P1612 Time-out instrument cluster3
c_dtc_tout_imob P1661 Time-out EWS system
P1662 Time-out EWS system
c_dtc_tout_pste_1 P0xxx Time-out PowerSteering
c_dtc_tps_1 P0122 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low Input
P0123 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input
c_dtc_tps_2 P0222 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low Input
P0223 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High Input
c_dtc_tps_ad P1632 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Adaptation Condition Not Met
P1633 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Limp Home Position
P1634 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Spring Test Failed
P1635 Throttle Valve Adaptation; Lower Mechanical Stop Not Adapted
c_dtc_tps_maf_1 P0121 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance Problem
c_dtc_tps_maf_2 P0221 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance Problem
c_dtc_tps_st_chk_1 P1675 TPS stuck, sensor 1 check condition
c_dtc_tps_st_chk_2 P1694 TPS stuck, sensor 2 check condition
c_dtc_tqi_amt_1 P1653 Indicated torque not matching AMT gearbox request
P1654 Indicated torque not matching AMT gearbox request
P1670 Indicated torque not matching AMT gearbox request
c_dtc_tqi_lim P1605 Limiting criteria for indicated torque
c_dtc_tqi_n_max_nvmy_mon P1604 Control Module Self Test, Speed Monitoring
c_dtc_var_amp P1171 Ambient Pressure Sensor Learned Value Error
P1172 Ambient Pressure Sensor Rationality Check
P1173 Ambient Pressure Sensor Rationality Check
c_dtc_vcc_poti_1 P1624 Pedal Position Sensor Potentiometer Supply Channel 1 Electrical
c_dtc_vcc_poti_2 P1625 Pedal Position Sensor Potentiometer Supply Channel 2 Electrical
c_dtc_vdmtl P1451 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Control Circuit Signal Low
P1452 Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage (DM-TL) Switching Solenoid Control Circuit Signal High
c_dtc_vim P1512 DISA Control Circuit Signal Low
P1513 DISA Control Circuit Signal High
c_dtc_vls_down_1 P0137 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0138 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0140 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_2 P0157 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0158 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0160 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_1 P1143 ???
P1144 ???
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_2 P1149 ???
P1150 ???
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_1 P0139 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_2 P0159 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_1 P1097 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response after Coast Down Fuel Cutoff (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_2 P1098 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response after Coast Down Fuel Cutoff (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_t_1 P0139 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_down_t_2 P0159 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_jump_1 P1088 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1119 ???
P1178 O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching From Rich to Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_vls_jump_2 P1095 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Switching From Lean to Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P1096 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Switching From Lean to Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P1114 ???
c_dtc_vls_stk_1 P0136 O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_stk_2 P0156 O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
c_dtc_vls_up_1 P0131 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0132 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0134 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_vls_up_2 P0151 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0152 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0154 O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
c_dtc_vs P0500 Vehicle Speed Sensor Malfunction

Extra Features

Engine Coolant Temperature Control

The M54 engine family is fitted with an electronic thermostat that the ECU can control to alter the engine coolant temperature.

By altering these values we can change how hot the engine will run in different conditions.

E-thermostat minimum conditions

  • c_tam_min_ect - Minimum ambient temperature threshold for e-thermostat activation
  • c_tia_min_ect - Minimum intake air temperature threshold for e-thermostat activation
  • c_toil_min_ect - Minimum oil temperature threshold for e-thermostat activation
  • c_tco_min_ect - Minimum coolant temperature threshold for full energization of the e-thermostat

E-thermostat maximum conditions

  • c_tia_max_ect - Maximum intake air temperature threshold. When exceeded target coolant temperature will be set to c_tco_sp_tia_max
  • c_tco_ex_max_ect - Maximum radiator outlet temperature threshold. When exceeded target coolant temperature will be set to c_tco_sp_tco_ex_max
  • c_toil_max_ect - Maximum oil temperature threshold. When exceeded target coolant temperature will be set to c_tco_sp_tia_max

E-thermostat target coolant temperature

  • c_tco_sp_toil_min - Target coolant temperature until the thresholds set by c_toil_min_ect, c_tam_min_ect, and c_tia_min_ect are exceeded.
  • c_tco_sp_tco_ex_max - Target coolant temperature if c_tco_ex_max_ect is exceeded
  • c_tco_sp_tia_max - Target coolant temperature if c_toil_max_ect or c_tia_max_ect are exceeded
  • c_tco_bol_ect - Target coolant temperature if an external low coolant temperature request has been received


E-thermostat target coolant temperatures maps

  • id_tco_sp_ect__n__maf_sub - Target coolant temperature when c_toil_min_ect, c_tam_min_ect, and c_tia_min_ect are exceeded - AC off
  • id_tco_sp_ect_acin__n__maf_sub - Target coolant temperature Target coolant temperature when c_toil_min_ect, c_tam_min_ect, and c_tia_min_ect are exceeded - AC on

E-thermostat regulations

  • ip_ectpwm_i__tco_dif - e-thermostat I component
  • ip_ectpwm_p__tco_dif - e-thermostat P component
  • id_ectpwm_add__n__tco_sp - Required e-thermostat duty cycle to achieve coolant temperature setpoint

PS : some of you may experience loss of power setting coolant temperature too low on M54B30. Seems that those engines likes higher temp for optimal run.

TunerPro depiction of Coolant Maps

Secondary Air Pump Delete

For forced OBD Readiness set C_CONF_SAP: "1"

Lambda Sensor Configuration

Constant "c_conf_cat" has five different options which represent the ecu´s ability to work with different lambda probe setups.

Set the following values that suit you needs:

  • 0: Single bank with one pre-cat lambda sensor or cat-preparation (SA199)
  • 1: Twin bank with two pre-cat lambda sensors or cat-preparation (SA199) and automatic learning of postcat sensors
  • 2: Single bank with one precat lambda sensor and one post-cat lambda sensor
  • 3: Twin bank with two pre-cat lambda sensors and one post-cat lambda sensors
  • 4: Twin bank with two pre-cat lambda sensors and two post-cat lambda sensors

The automatic learning process of post-cat lambda sensors starts after deleting "learned variants" with INPA.

After installing catless headers, it could be useful to eliminate post-cat sensors with setting "c_conf_cat" to "1".

MAF Sensor Scalar Adjustments

The standard MAF sensor map is a non-interpolated 16 x 16 lookup table, that can also be shown as 1 x 256 table. The 10 bit analog to digital conversion is reduced to 8 bits and 4 bits of each are used to lookup the MAF value.

There are differences in flow between the M54B22/M54B25 and M54B30 MAF sensors, as the diametre is different. Differences in cross sectional area would be expected to rescale the values, but the sensor is part of the tube and not easily modified.

Ford or Bosch slot type sensors are often used in high horse power blow through configurations for turbocharging which the BMW OEM sensors are not well suited for.

Engine load (mg/stroke) is proportional to airflow (kg/h) divided by RPM and is used to reference most of the important injection and ignition tables.

There is a factory airflow limit of 1024kg/h that can be doubled with a patch that has undergone extensivetesting, but the maximum engine load is still limited to 1389mg/stroke.

We are working hard to get around this limit as soon as possible and beta testing showed great results with a limit of 2778mg/stroke.

A M54B30 pulls about 600mg/stroke in cold conditions with a maximum airflow of about 630kg/h.

Changes to MAF tables should be kept smooth and progressive. Fuel trims plotted against MAF voltage can be used to fine tune the closed loop areas.

  • id_maf_tab__v_maf_1__v_maf_2 - MAF sensor definition. 1x256
  • id_maf_tab - MAF sensor definition. 16x16

Engine Speed Limiter

The MS43 has two gear dependant engine speed limiters, a softlimiter and a hardlimiter for each gearbox type (manual or automatic transmission).

The softlimiter works by cutting single injectors based on fuelcut pattern, whereas the hardlimiter immediately cuts off all cylinders.

  • id_n_max_at: softlimiter for AT gearbox
  • id_n_max_mt: softlimiter for MT gearbox
  • id_n_max_max_at: hardlimiter for AT gearbox
  • id_n_max_max_mt: hardlimiter for MT gearbox

In addition to that, you will want to raise id_n_max_vs_max_at or id_n_max_vs_max_mt slightly above the hardlimiter.

The Siemens MS43 receives the current vehicle speed (_vs) via CAN bus from the rear right speed sensor signal of the ABS control unit. This is new and differs from older chassis that got it from a sensor inside the differential.

In case the ECU doesn't get a valid vehicle speed signal, for example when you put an M54 engine in an older chassis, or strip out the ABS block for weight reasons, a third RPM limiter is applied:

  • c_n_max_vs_diag: RPM limiter in case of missing vehicle speed

For aggressive hard cut reduce the limiter hysteresis to:

  • c_n_max_hys 32 to 0
  • c_n_max_hys_max 320 to 32

Vehicle Speed Limiter

The Siemens MS43 has several vehicle speed limiter for different situations.

The maximum vehicle speed limiter is depending on the transmission type and only becomes active when the engine speed threshold is passed.

  • c_vs_max_at_1 - Applicable maximum speed automatic transmission
  • c_vs_max_mt_1 - Applicable maximum speed manual transmission
  • c_n_min_vs_max - Engine speed threshold for activating the speed limitation

Setting the c_vs_max_* limiter to 255km/h won't get rid of the Vmax limit, instead you have to set c_n_min_vs_max to 8160rpm.

Also there is a vehicle speed limiter if the maximum engine oil temperature is reached

  • c_vs_max_toil_max - Maximum speed when exceeding the max. oil temperature (c_toil_max)

Safety Features

The following information need to be handled with care as you´re able to turn off safety features! This can lead to severe damage to your engine.

Catalyst Overheating Prevention

  • ip_maf_min_cop__n__iga_dif - MAF threshold for catalyst overheating prevention function
  • ip_maf_min_cop_ron__n__iga_dif - MAF threshold for catalyst overheating prevention function with bad fuel quality

To disable catalyst overheating prevention (COP) set ip_maf_min_cop__n__iga_dif and ip_maf_min_cop_ron__n__iga_dif to 1389mg/stroke.

CAT Heating

  • id_t_ch_ti_cat_var__tco_st - Duration after start to switch on the injection time correction for catalyst heating function with cat-preparation (c_conf_cat 0 or 1)
  • ip_t_ch_ti__tco_st__km_ctr - Duration after start to switch on the injection time correction for catalyst heating function
  • id_t_iga_ch_cat_var__tco_st - Duration after start to switch on the ignition angle intervention for catalyst heating function with cat-preparation (c_conf_cat 0 or 1)
  • ip_t_iga_ch__tco_st__km_ctr - Duration after start to switch on the ignition angle intervention for catalyst heating function

Set them to "0" to disable catalyst heating injection and ignition altering.

Misfire Detection

  • c_n_min_er: minimum engine speed for detection of misfire!
  • c_n_max_er: maximum engine speed for detection of misfire!


Knock Detection

  • id_iga_dec_knk_1__n: ignition angle reduction based on knock stage1
  • id_iga_dec_knk_2__n: ignition angle reduction based on knock stage2


Special Functions

Please look here for the old 430056 functions that were published by Daniel.F back in 2015: Siemens_MS43_Old_Stuff

Here are some handy mods when going forced induction Forced_Induction_Upgrades



Differential Vehicle Speed Sensor Mod For E30/E34

If you want to use an MS43 in an older E30 or E34 chassis and keep the speed signal sensor inside your rear differential housing, you have to change the number of impulses needed for one kilometer.

  • c_vs_fac = Number of vehicle speed sensor pulses per kilometer

A suitable number for the E30,E34 and e36 diffs is c_vs_fac = "1096" ~ "1100" (Smaller value = Higher speed reading / Higher Value = Lower speed reading)

Note: This only affects ECU data aquisition and not the dashboard view, but its helpfull for speed based parameters like LC config

Values can be fine tuned with a GPS based device to adjust for wheels/tyres dimensions differences

Unfortunately this low value will make the reading very unprecise. For a fix check out the MS43 Commuinity Patchlist.

Exhaust Pop Modifications

When tuning for exhaust pops there are two approaches that can be taken.

Toggleable exhaust pops

This approach disables the trailing throttle fuel cut by raising the minimum engine speed threshold for trailing throttle fuel cut to an engine speed that the engine can't reach, this will produce continuous exhaust pops as soon as the throttle is lifted.

As the MS43 has two separate tables for when the AC is on or off we can use that logic to for example only activate exhaust pops when the AC is on.

  • ip_n_min_puc__tco - Minimum engine speed for trailing throttle fuel cut activation with AC off
  • ip_n_min_accin_puc__tco - Minimum engine speed for trailing throttle fuel cut activation with AC on

To tune the intensity of the exhaust pops the following ignition tables can be used.

  • ip_iga_pu__n__tco - Target ignition angle in case of trailing throttle
  • ip_iga_puc__n__tco - Target ignition angle in case of trailing throttle fuel cut-off
  • ip_iga_accin_puc__n__tco - Target ignition angle in case of trailing throttle fuel cut-off with AC on
TunerPro depiction of toggled exhaust pops. This example should only be used as a starting point for further tuning.
Timered exhaust pops

This approach uses a built in timer function in the MS43 which delays the activation of the trailing throttle fuel cut by a set amount of time.

With this approach it's possible to achieve a set amount of pops before the trailing throttle fuel cut is activated.

  • c_t_puc_deacc_vs - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut when car is stationary
  • ip_t_puc_deacc_1__n__maf_mmv - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut. First gear
  • ip_t_puc_deacc_2__n__maf_mmv - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut. Second gear
  • ip_t_puc_deacc_3__n__maf_mmv - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut. Third gear
  • ip_t_puc_deacc_4__n__maf_mmv - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut. Forth gear
  • ip_t_puc_deacc_5__n__maf_mmv - Delay before activating trailing throttle fuel cut. Fifth gear

To tune the intensity of the exhaust pops the same tables as the toggleable exhaust pops approach can be used.

TunerPro depiction of timered exhaust pops. This example should only be used as a starting point for further tuning.

Both approaches can also be combined in the following way to have short pops with AC off and continous pops when the AC is on.

TunerPro depiction of combined exhaust pops. This example should only be used as a starting point for further tuning.

In order to have pops when stopped, set the entire column in the first row to 7008 for id_n_hys_min_puc__vs__gear and id_n_hys_min_puc_dri__vs__gear.

Idle Control Valve Delete

TunerPro ICV Delete

Removing the idle control valve (ICV) / idle speed actuator (ISA) is possible due to the motorized throttle body the M54 engine uses.

Disconnect the idle control valve connector and either remove the idle control valve and plug the hole in the intake manifold (preferred) or use something to seal the idle control valve air tight.

If you want to machine a matching plug, use this template: ISA_Delete_Plug.pdf

The most important table that makes the ICV delete possible is the ip_pvs_isa_isapwm table. This table is used by the ecu to decide how much pvs input should be added to the drivers requested pvs input for a given idle control valve duty cycle.

In a stock engine this table is used to extend the idle control valve duty cycle so when the idle control valve duty cycle goes above 100% the throttle will start to open to deliver more air into the engine. So when we remove the idle control valve we re-scale this table to emulate the idle control valve airflow with different pvs inputs. These pvs inputs are in the end translated to a throttle opening by the ip_tps_sp_pvs table.

If we take an example from the ICV delete values above we will see in the ip_pvs_isa_isapwm table that at 17.5% idle control valve duty cycle the ecu will add 7.430° of pvs input to the drivers requested pvs input and if we take a look in the ip_tps_sp_pvs table we will see that around idle speed this pvs input will result in a throttle opening of around 2.999°. As we can see the values in ip_pvs_isa_isapwm and ip_tps_sp_pvs are tightly connected so if the ip_tps_sp_pvs table is modified then the ip_pvs_isa_isapwm table will also have to be modified accordingly to maintain a stable idle.

Copyable ICV Delete Tables M54B30 ONLY!.

The ip_pvs_isa_isapwm values above are created for a M54B30 engine so the values may need to be modified to get a stable idle with a M54B22 or M54B25 engine as these engines have a smaller throttle body, a good starting point would be to increase the ip_pvs_isa_isapwm table values with the opening area percentage difference between the M54B30 throttle body and the M54B22/M54B25 throttle body.

This modification modifies a monitoring table so the calibration addition checksum needs to be corrected or disabled after applying the changes. Check here for more information about checksums.


Lumpy Idle / Fake Race Camshafts

Basically whats happening when installing race camshafts is a huge increase in valve overlap. This means, intake and exhaust valves are open at the same time.

As M52TU and M54 have an adjustable camshaft system (VANOS) faking the rough idle sound of some serious camshafts pretty easy.

To get a similar sounding idle state you have to increase valve overlap time by adjusting the VANOS setpoints.

The idle speed VANOS setpoint are configurable in the following maps:

  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_is__n__maf_iv - Intake camshaft setpoint during idle. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_is__n__maf_iv - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during idle. Cold engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_in_is__n__maf_iv - Intake camshaft setpoint during idle. Warm engine
  • ip_cam_sp_tco_2_ex_is__n__maf_iv - Exhaust camshaft setpoint during idle. Warm engine


Additionally you have to raise the minimum engine speed threshold for the misfire detection c_n_min_er above your desired idle speed setpoint baucse this will otherwise stall the engine.

The biggest valve overlap will be achieved when using the lowest adjustable value on the intake side (80° respectively 86°) and the lowest adjustable value on the exhaust side (-80°)

TunerPro depiction of min allowed Vanos setpoints


A good starting point for further optimization could be:

TunerPro depiction of GhostCam mod

M Cluster LED Control

After swapping in an M3 cluster into a E46 or M5 cluster into E39, there is no more ecometer displaying the momentary fuel consumption, but a more useful oiltemperature gauge.

Using this cluster and some additional code we can also control the LEDs around the RPM gauge to work similar to the E46 M3 and also manage shiftlights behaviour.

Following maps are used:

  • id_icl_toil_led__n - LEDs used at the given oil tempetature for the warmup light feature
  • ldpm_toil_led - Oil temperatur axis to adjust the switch points of the led array for the warmup light feature
  • id_icl_led__n - LEDs used at the given enginespeed for the shift light feature
  • ldpm_toil_led - Engine Speed axis to adjust the switch points of the led array for the shift light feature

Explanation for the decimal values used (M3):

  • 112 - all LEDs lit
  • 96 - 4500 and upwards
  • 80 - 5000 and upwards
  • 64 - 5500 and upwards
  • 48 - 6000 and upwards
  • 32 - 6500 and upwards
  • 16 - 7000 and upwards
  • 00 - 7500 lit
  • 02 - oil warning LED yellow
  • 04 - coolant warning LED

Explanation for the decimal values used (M5):

  • 64 - 4000 and upwards
  • 48 - 4500 and upwards
  • 32 - 5000 and upwards
  • 16 - 5500 and upwards
  • 00 - 6500 lit
  • 01 - oil warning LED yellow
  • 04 - coolant warning LED

Download the warmup and shiftlights patch for TunerPro depending on your software version:

Use with 512kByte file only. Checksum correction required!

M3 Cluster warmuplight maps M3 Cluster shiftlight maps

Map Reduction

MS43 Map Reduction

You can reduce the total amount of maps you have to tune in MS43 with a very simple trick without losing map size like with the "fewmaps" files.

This is done by forcing the MS43 into using the cold engine injection, ignition and VANOS maps for cold enigne only.

This is done by setting all the transition tables responsible for changing between cold and warm engine state to "1.0":

  • ip_fac_is_ivvt
  • ip_fac_pl_ivvt
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_in_is
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_ex_is
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_in_pl
  • ip_fac_cam_sp_ex_pl

That will leave us with the following maps during normal engine operation:

  • Injection
    • Idle Speed: ip_ti_tco_1_is_ivvt
    • Part Load: ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_1 & ip_ti_tco_1_pl_ivvt_2
  • Ignition
    • Idle Speed: ip_iga_tco_1_is_ivvt
    • Part / Full Load: ip_iga_tco_1_pl_ivvt
  • VANOS
    • Idle Speed: ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_is & ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_is
    • Part Load: ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_pl & ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_pl
    • Full Load: ip_cam_sp_tco_1_in_fl & ip_cam_sp_tco_1_ex_fl


ATTENTION: Be aware that the following tables can be used if there is an active error in the ECU:

  • ip_tib__n__maf
  • ip_igab_is__n__maf
  • ip_igab__n__maf



VANOS Tweak for little extra midrange power

Insert the following tables into the desired part-load map where you need the effect ( part-load cold / part-load warm / both).

VANOS Tweak maps in table form for copy and pasting into TunerPro M54B30 only
Exhaust cam setpoint part-load Intake cam setpoint part-load
-105.0 -105.0 -105.0 -104.6 -103.1 -97.5 -96.0 -96.8 -98.3 -104.3 -99.0 -99.0
-105.0 -104.6 -103.9 -102.0 -99.0 -96.0 -95.3 -96.4 -97.9 -103.9 -98.6 -98.6
-104.6 -103.9 -100.9 -97.5 -93.8 -92.6 -93.4 -94.9 -96.4 -101.6 -97.5 -97.5
-103.9 -102.4 -96.4 -92.6 -88.9 -88.1 -90.0 -91.5 -93.8 -97.1 -91.9 -91.9
-103.1 -101.6 -94.9 -91.1 -87.4 -86.6 -88.5 -90.4 -92.6 -96.0 -90.8 -90.8
-100.9 -98.6 -90.4 -87.0 -85.9 -85.1 -85.9 -88.5 -91.1 -95.6 -90.4 -90.4
-99.0 -96.4 -88.5 -85.9 -85.1 -84.8 -85.5 -88.9 -94.1 -97.5 -95.3 -95.3
-97.9 -95.3 -87.8 -85.9 -85.1 -85.1 -85.9 -91.9 -97.5 -100.9 -99.0 -99.0
-96.8 -94.5 -88.5 -86.6 -85.9 -96.0 -95.6 -95.6 -95.6 -95.6 -95.6 -97.5
-95.6 -94.1 -91.1 -88.5 -88.5 -99.8 -101.6 -101.6 -101.6 -101.6 -100.5 -101.3
-95.3 -93.8 -91.9 -90.4 -90.4 -101.3 -102.0 -102.0 -102.0 -102.0 -100.9 -101.6
-93.8 -93.0 -92.3 -92.3 -94.5 -102.4 -101.3 -101.3 -101.3 -101.3 -100.1 -101.3
-91.9 -91.5 -91.9 -92.3 -95.3 -105.8 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -105.0 -102.8
-87.8 -88.5 -89.6 -91.1 -94.9 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -105.0 -103.1
-85.5 -87.0 -88.5 -90.0 -93.8 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -105.0 -103.1
-84.0 -85.9 -87.4 -88.9 -93.0 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -106.1 -105.0 -103.1
126.00 126.00 125.63 124.88 123.00 118.88 113.25 106.50 105.00 104.25 108.00 108.00
126.00 126.00 125.25 124.50 122.63 118.50 112.88 106.50 105.00 104.25 105.00 105.00
126.00 125.63 124.88 124.13 122.25 118.13 112.50 105.75 104.25 103.50 100.13 100.13
125.63 124.88 123.75 122.63 120.38 115.88 110.25 103.88 99.75 98.63 91.50 91.50
125.25 124.50 123.38 121.88 119.25 114.75 109.50 102.75 98.63 97.50 90.75 90.75
124.50 123.38 122.25 120.38 117.38 112.50 107.25 101.25 97.50 96.75 90.75 90.75
123.38 122.25 120.75 118.88 114.38 107.63 102.00 98.25 97.13 96.38 90.38 90.38
122.63 121.13 120.00 117.75 112.13 103.50 99.38 97.50 96.75 96.38 91.50 91.50
115.50 113.63 111.75 109.50 104.25 93.75 99.38 98.25 94.50 94.13 94.13 94.13
113.25 111.75 110.25 107.25 100.50 91.88 100.88 99.75 94.88 94.50 94.50 94.50
112.13 110.25 108.00 104.63 94.50 90.38 101.25 100.50 97.50 97.50 97.50 97.50
110.63 105.38 99.75 95.25 89.63 90.75 105.75 105.00 101.63 100.50 100.50 100.50
109.88 104.25 97.50 92.25 109.50 110.25 109.50 110.25 108.75 108.75 108.75 108.75
108.75 103.88 99.38 94.88 115.50 118.13 118.13 118.13 117.75 117.75 117.75 117.75
108.38 106.50 104.25 101.25 118.50 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00 122.25 122.25
108.38 108.75 108.00 106.50 122.25 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00 126.00

DoCr VANOS Tweak

Explaination

For stock engine with stock exhaust and intake flow, above VANOS tune works best.

For a modded engine, or stock with free flowing exhaust and cold air intake, valve overlap can help increase volumetric efficiency at higher engine speeds (above ~4000rpm), which results in more power.

Taking as a base M54B30 engine with intake cam 126° for max, and 86° for min ; exhaust cam -105° for max and -80° for min

126° represents intake cam in its max retard form, and 86° in its max advance position

-105° represents exhaust cam in its max advance position, and -80° in its max retard stage

General rule for overlap :

  • Advancing both cams - more low end torque and less top end power
  • Retarding both cams - less low end torque and more top end power

Tip for full load VANOS table: Begin from low rpm with max number for your cam (intake 126° , exhaust -105°) and progressively reduce number until you reach 4000rpm and lowest cam number (intake 86,exhaust -80)

From 4000rpm upwards, use inverse technique, start to rise again numbers, progressively. (every engine responds different by exhaust config) Test combinations until you are happy.

Also, do changes for intake only, leave exhaust alone if you are on stock exhaust manifold.

note Theoreticaly, there is no risk of damaging the engine (valve hits piston) if you stay within specified range for your particular cams. (m54b30 intake 126/86 ,exhaust -105/-80)

Tuning For Turbocharged Applications

Here is a list of most of the maps that need to be changed when tuning for turbo setups. It may also apply to supercharged setups, however there may be slight differences here and there because of how the power is delivered. Fuel maps are not listed here because there is a section dedicated to scaling for aftermarket injectors. You should also consider Extending Load Filtration For Forced Induction, Aftermarket Injector Scaling, and Forced Induction Upgrades.

Map Value
c_abc_inc_cps 0
c_abc_inc_dmtl 0
c_abc_inc_ect_mec 0
c_abc_inc_isa_1 0
c_abc_inc_isa_2 0
c_abc_inc_lsh_down 0
c_abc_inc_lsh_up 0
c_abc_inc_maf 0
c_abc_inc_sap 0
c_abc_inc_sav 0
c_abc_inc_vdmtl 0
c_abc_inc_vim 0
c_conf_cat 0
c_conf_dmtl 0
c_conf_mil 2
c_conf_mil_eu2 2
c_conf_sap 1
c_crlc_maf_ivvt 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_1_0 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_1_1 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_1_2 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_1_3 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_2_0 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_2_1 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_2_2 0
c_dtc_cat_diag_2_3 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_1_0 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_1_1 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_1_2 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_1_3 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_2_0 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_2_1 0
c_dtc_cat_eff_2_2 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_1_0 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_1_1 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_1_2 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_1_3 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_2_0 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_2_1 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_2_2 0
c_dtc_lam_dly_down_2_3 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_1_0 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_1_1 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_1_2 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_1_3 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_2_0 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_2_1 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_2_2 0
c_dtc_lsh_down_2_3 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_1_0 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_1_1 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_1_2 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_1_3 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_2_0 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_2_1 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_2_2 0
c_dtc_lsh_obd_down_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_act_chk_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_afl_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_post_puc_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_down_t_2_3 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_1_0 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_1_1 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_1_2 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_1_3 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_2_0 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_2_1 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_2_2 0
c_dtc_vls_stk_2_3 0
c_lam_max 31.25
c_lam_max_fsd 31.25
c_lam_min -31.25
c_lam_min_fsd -31.25
c_maf_kgh_max_lsh_diag 250
c_maf_max_diag 2048
c_maf_mes_max_stat 1389
c_n_isa_diag 8160
c_n_max_vs_diag 7008
c_vs_max_at_1 255
c_vs_max_mt_1 255
c_vs_max_toil_max 255
ldpm_maf_8 35 75 125 175 250 325 400 450 550 700 950 1250
ldpm_maf_iga_1 50 75 125 175 250 325 400 500 600 700 950 1350
ldpm_maf_iga_2 50 75 100 125 175 250 300 325 400 500 600 700 850 1000 1150 1350
ldpm_maf_mes_1 76 125 272 376 523 1002
ldpm_map_1 100 200 300 600 900 1050 1250 2000
ldpm_n_11 600 1000 1200 1500 1600 2000 2500 3000 3500 3900 4100 4500 4800 5500 6300 7000
ldpm_n_14 320 600 900 1000 1200 1500 1600 2000 2250 2500 3000 3500 3900 4100 4500 4800 5100 5500 6300 7000
ldpm_n_4 600 1000 1200 1500 1600 2000 2500 3000 3500 3900 4100 4500 4800 5500 6300 7000
id_maf_tab Varies by maf
id_t_ch_ti_cat_var__tco_st 0
id_t_iga_ch_cat_var__tco_st 0
id_t_max_fl__gear 0
id_tco_min_diag_sa__tam_mon_sa 142.5
ip_acin_n_sp_is_tco 1000
ip_dri_acin_n_sp_is__tco 975
ip_dri_n_sp_is__tco 950
ip_n_sp_is__tco 950
ip_ti_fl__n 0.016
ip_iga_ron_91_pl_ivvt__n__maf Decrease above 500mg/stk
ip_iga_ron_98_pl_ivvt__n__maf Decrease above 500mg/stk
ip_maf_min_cop__n__iga_dif 1389
ip_maf_min_cop_ron__n__iga_dif 1389
ip_t_iga_ch__tco_st__km_ctr 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_1_1__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_1_2__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_2_1__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_2_2__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_3_1__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_3_2__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_4_1__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_4_2__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_5_1__n__maf 0
ip_ti_cop_nr_5_2__n__maf 0